Association between serum trace elements and core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: a national multicenter survey / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of serum levels of trace elements with core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).@*METHODS@#From September 2018 to September 2019, an investigation was performed for 1 020 children with ASD and 1 038 healthy children matched for age and sex in the outpatient service of grade A tertiary hospitals and special education institutions in 13 cities of China. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were used to assess the core symptoms of the children with ASD. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure serum levels of trace elements magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc.@*RESULTS@#The children with ASD had significantly lower serum levels of magnesium, copper, and zinc than the healthy children (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The serum levels of magnesium and zinc may be associated with core symptoms in children with ASD, which requires further studies. The nutritional status of trace elements should be monitored for children with ASD in clinical practice.

Survey on infants aged 12 months in Shanghai Jing'an District by Denver Development Screening Test and analysis of their intellectual development relevant risk factors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the developmental state of infants in early childhood and identify risk factors for their early development in community. Methods·Cluster sampling was conducted to collect data of infants aged 12 months by Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) in Shanghai Jing'an District. Logistic analysis was employed to detect factors influencing the intellectual development of infants. Results·A total of 4102 infants were enrolled in the survey. The prevalence for abnormal screening result was 1.0%, while 4.3% for suspicious abnormal result. Logistic analysis revealed that low birth weight (OR=6.24, 95% CI 1.69-22.98, P=0.006), low head circumference (OR=5.22, 95% CI 1.20-22.84, P=0.031), mothers older than 35 years in pregnancy (OR=3.61, 95%CI 1.32-9.84, P=0.012) or history of brain impairment (OR=3.96, 95% CI 1.55-10.10, P=0.003) were the risk factors for abnormal screening result. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between breastfeeding duration and suspicious abnormal screening result (ρ=-0.031, P=0.046). Conclusion·It is essential to draw attention to early developmental screening and interference, especially to infants with mothers older than 35 years in pregnancy, low birth weight, low head circumference or high-risk infants.Breastfeeding is helpful for decreasing detection rate of abnormal result.

Survey on infants aged 12 months in Shanghai Jing'an District by Denver Development Screening Test and analysis of their intellectual development relevant risk factors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the developmental state of infants in early childhood and identify risk factors for their early development in community. Methods·Cluster sampling was conducted to collect data of infants aged 12 months by Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) in Shanghai Jing'an District. Logistic analysis was employed to detect factors influencing the intellectual development of infants. Results·A total of 4102 infants were enrolled in the survey. The prevalence for abnormal screening result was 1.0%, while 4.3% for suspicious abnormal result. Logistic analysis revealed that low birth weight (OR=6.24, 95% CI 1.69-22.98, P=0.006), low head circumference (OR=5.22, 95% CI 1.20-22.84, P=0.031), mothers older than 35 years in pregnancy (OR=3.61, 95%CI 1.32-9.84, P=0.012) or history of brain impairment (OR=3.96, 95% CI 1.55-10.10, P=0.003) were the risk factors for abnormal screening result. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between breastfeeding duration and suspicious abnormal screening result (ρ=-0.031, P=0.046). Conclusion·It is essential to draw attention to early developmental screening and interference, especially to infants with mothers older than 35 years in pregnancy, low birth weight, low head circumference or high-risk infants.Breastfeeding is helpful for decreasing detection rate of abnormal result.

Evaluation of intellectual development level of 300 children with language disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the features of intellectual development in children with language disorder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The developmental quotients (DQs) of motor, object, language and social abilities were evaluated in 300 children with language disorder by Gesell Developmental Schedules.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 300 children had normal mean DQs of motor ability and lower mean DQs of object, language, and social abilities. Of all children, 31.0% had abnormal motor ability, 49.0% had abnormal object ability, and 52.7% had abnormal social ability. The DQ of language ability was significantly positively correlated with the DQs of the other three abilities (r=0.506, 0.644, and 0.711 respectively, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Children with language disorder may have abnormal motor ability, adaptive behavior, and personal-social behavior. Diagnostic intellectual development evaluation and comprehensive intervention for other developmental abnormalities should be performed for these children.</p>

Research progress on macamides / 中草药

Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) has been used as both food and traditional medicine for centuries for its high nutritional value and multi-medicinal properties. Macamides, the marker compounds of maca, are a series of nonpolar, long chain fatty acid N-benzylamides. Most of them have neuroprotective and neuroregulation effects. In this paper, we reviewed the structures of macamides, methods of chemical synthesis, and quantitative determination, and their bioactivities to provide a reference for further research and development.

Identification of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and its adulterants by a DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence / 中国天然药物

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is an herbaceous plant that grows in high plateaus and has been used as both food and folk medicine for centuries because of its benefits to human health. In the present study, ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of forty-three maca samples, collected from different regions or vendors, were amplified and analyzed. The ITS sequences of nineteen potential adulterants of maca were also collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the ITS sequence of maca was consistent in all samples and unique when compared with its adulterants. Therefore, this DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence can be used for the molecular identification of maca and its adulterants.

Protective effect of Liuweidihuang Pills against cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality, oxidative injury, and cell apoptosis in rat testes / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Liuweidihuang Pills in relieving cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality, oxidative injury, and cell apoptosis in the rat testis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty adult male SD rats were equally randomized into a normal, a radiated, and a Liuweidihuang group, the animals in the latter two groups exposed to electromagnetic radiation of 900 MHz cellphone frequency 4 hours a day for 18 days. Meanwhile, the rats in the Liuweidihuang group were treated with the suspension of Liuweidihuang Pills at 1 ml/100 g body weight and the other rats intragastrically with the equal volume of purified water. Then all the rats were killed for observation of testicular histomorphology by routine HE staining, measurement of testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels by colorimetry, and determination of the expressions of bax and bcl-2 proteins in the testis tissue by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal controls, the radiated rats showed obviously loose structure, reduced layers of spermatocytes, and cavitation in the seminiferous tubules. Significant increases were observed in the MDA level (P < 0.01) and bax expression (P < 0.01) but decreases in the GSH level (P < 0.01) and bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01) in the testis issue of the radiated rats. In comparison with the radiated rats, those of the Liuweidihuang group exhibited nearly normal testicular structure, significantly lower MDA level (P < 0.05), bax expression (P < 0.01), and bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liuweidihuang Pills can improve cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality of the testis tissue and reduce its oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.</p>

Effect of parental feeding behavior on eating behavior of children aged 1-3 years / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between the eating behavior of children aged 1-3 years and parental feeding behavior and the effect of family status on feeding behavior.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With stratified random sampling, 2 324 children aged 1-3 years were selected from Shanghai. Questionnaires were filled out by their parents or feeders to investigate the basic family information, parental feeding behavior, the eating behavior of children, and the basic information on children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The eating behavior of children was positively correlated with eating environment (r=0.223) and parental monitoring behavior (r=0.245) but negatively correlated with parental compulsive behavior (r=-0.264) (P<0.01). Moreover, the food preferences of children were negatively correlated with parental compulsive behavior (r=-0.569) but positively correlated with parental monitoring behavior (r=0.615) and eating environment (r=0.621). The emotional undereating of children was positively correlated with parental emotional feeding (r=0.259) and parental compulsive behavior (r=0.279). Parental monitoring behavior showed significant differences between different families (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Parental feeding behavior is closely related to the eating behavior of children. Parental feeding behavior may vary across different family status.</p>

Expression of TGF-β1 and PAI-1 in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and its significance in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 96 very low birth weight infants (gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks) who survived for more than 28 days and were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2010 and December 2012. These subjects were divided into BPD group (n=21) and non-BPD group (n=75). The expression of TGF-β1 and PAI-1 in blood was measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of TGF-β1 and PAI-1 in the BPD group increased gradually from the 7th day to the 14th day and then to the 21st day after birth, and were significantly higher than in the non-BPD group at all time points (P<0.01). The TGF-β1 and PAI-1 levels in the non-BPD group on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after birth were not significantly different from each other (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of TGF-β1 and PAI-1 in blood is elevated in premature infants with BPD, which may be associated with the development of BPD.</p>

Obesity distribution characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and obesity.Methods Two hundred and thirty-nine children diagnosed as ADHD meeting the ADHD criteria of DSM-Ⅳ and 137 healthy children were enrolled in ADHD group and healthy control group,respectively.Anthropometric measurement and nutritional assessment were performed for the 2 groups.The incidences of overweight and obesity among each group were compared.Results There was significant difference in the incidence of overweight +obesity between ADHD group and healthy control group [98 cases (41.0％) vs 39 cases (28.5％)] ; No significant difference in the incidence of overweight was observed between ADHD group and healthy control group [41 cases (17.2％) vs 22 cases (16.1％),P ＞ 0.05].The incidence of ADHD in overweight + obesity group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group.The incidence of obesity in ADHD group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group[57 cases(23.8％) vs 17 cases(12.4％),P ＜ 0.01].The incidence of overweight + obesity in the subtype Ⅰ and subtypeⅢ was significantly higher than healthy control group ;There was no significant difference in the incidence of overweight + obesity between the subtype Ⅱ group and healthy control group.There was no significant difference in the incidence of overweight + obesity among each subtype group of the ADHD(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of ADHD in the overweight + obesity group was significanthy than that in normal weight group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Obesity is a risk factor of ADHD,and their pathogenesis may be overlapping.

Evaluation and clinical significance on echocardiography of tricuspid i nsufficiency in patients with rheumatic mitral disease / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the relationship betwee n tricuspid insufficiency (TI) and the function of the right ventricle, degree o f pulmonary vascular pathological change in patients with rheumatic heart diseas e so as to provide the indication of operation for treating TI. Methods 　41 cases of rheumatic heart disease with TI accompanying with bicuspid pathological changes were reviewed. Correlation analysis was done between the s everity of TI and the right ventricular size(RVS), pulmonary artery pressure(PAP ), pulmonary artery resistance(PAR) etc. Results　It was found t hat the size of the right ventricle, PAP, PAR were positively correlated to th e degree of TI. Tricuspid annuloplasty should be carried out in patients with RV D>40 mm, PAR >48 kPa*s/L, PAP>8 kPa. Conclusion　TI resulted ma inly from insufficient function of the right ventricle and marked patholog ical changes of the pulmonary blood vessels. Doppler echocardiography evaluation for the function of right ventricle and pathological condition of pulmonary blo od vessels might be of significant in deciding whether tricuspid annuloplasty sh ould be performed simutaneously in patients of bicuspid valve replacement.

Clinical analysis of 234 cases of mitral valve replacement in beating heart / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To introduce the technique of mitral v alve replacements in beating heart, and review the clinical experience in 234 ca ses of operation. Methods　A total of 234 patients of mitral val ve replacement in beating heart with mild hypothermic extracorporeal circulation (30～32 ℃) were reviewed. Results　 The procedures underwe nt fluently and only 2(0.85%) died early postoperatively. No low cardiac output , arrhythmia and cer ebral embolism complications was found. Conclusion　Results sugg ested that mitral valve replacement in beating heart is a safe and available method and is good in extenuating myocardial and pulmonary i njury from ischemia-reperfusion and deep hypothermia.

On-pump, beating-heart intracardiac procedures for congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To compare the clinical efficiency of intracardiac procedures on traditional cardioplegic arrested-heart and on-pu mp beating-heart for congenital heart disease (CHD) with severe pulmonary hyper tension. Methods　Among all 153 cases, 95 cases underwent operat ions on cardioplegic arrested-heart, while 58 on-pump beating-heart. In arres ted-heart group, 79 cases with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 13 with atria l septal defect (ASD) and 3 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were examined whi le in beating-heart group, 43 cases with VSD, 10 with ASD, and 5 with PDA were examined. Results　There were 12 cases of operative death (12.6%) and 8 of tracheotomy (8.4%) in heart arrested group. No operative death and tracheotomy in beating-heart group. 141 patients were followed up for 3 months to 10 year s with good recovery. There were 2 cases of right heart function failure six yea rs later in arrested-heart group. Conclusion　Results sugges t that on-pump beating-heart technique is superior to traditional cardiopl egic arrested-heart for CHD with severe pulmonary hypertesion. The cause might be t hat on-pump beating-heart intracardiac operation is more effective in cardio pulmon ary protection.

Clinical analysis of on-pump, beating-heart intracardiac proc edures in 1 032 cases / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To improve intracardiac operation skil ls on bea-ting-heart with mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (On pump beating-heart technique), and to review the clinical experience in 1 032 c ases. Methods　A total of 1 032 cases of intracardiac operatio ns on pump beating-heart from November 1997 to September 2000 were reviewed. Of them, 714 cases were congenital heart diseases (CHD), and 318 cases were valvul ar heart diseases (VHD). The technique was improved by establishing simultaneous left atrium and ventricle suction and integrating sequential de-airing procedu re. Results　The operative mortality was 2.33% (24/1 032), the m ortality was 2.7% (19/714) in cases with CHD, and 1.6% (5/318) in those with VHD. There was no pati ent complicated with systemic air embolism or permanent atrioventricular conduct ion block. Conclusion　Results suggested that intracardiac procedures on pump beating-heart with mild hypothermic cardiopnlmonary bypass is safe and available in patients with CHD or VHD. It might extenuate the heart and lung injury by hypothermia and ischemia-reperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac conducting block might be prevented during operation.

Evaluation and clinical significance on echocardiography of tricuspid i nsufficiency in patients with rheumatic mitral disease / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To investigate the relationship betwee n tricuspid insufficiency (TI) and the function of the right ventricle, degree o f pulmonary vascular pathological change in patients with rheumatic heart diseas e so as to provide the indication of operation for treating TI. Methods 　41 cases of rheumatic heart disease with TI accompanying with bicuspid pathological changes were reviewed. Correlation analysis was done between the s everity of TI and the right ventricular size(RVS), pulmonary artery pressure(PAP ), pulmonary artery resistance(PAR) etc. Results　It was found t hat the size of the right ventricle, PAP, PAR were positively correlated to th e degree of TI. Tricuspid annuloplasty should be carried out in patients with RV D>40 mm, PAR >48 kPa*s/L, PAP>8 kPa. Conclusion　TI resulted ma inly from insufficient function of the right ventricle and marked patholog ical changes of the pulmonary blood vessels. Doppler echocardiography evaluation for the function of right ventricle and pathological condition of pulmonary blo od vessels might be of significant in deciding whether tricuspid annuloplasty sh ould be performed simutaneously in patients of bicuspid valve replacement.

Clinical analysis of 234 cases of mitral valve replacement in beating heart / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To introduce the technique of mitral v alve replacements in beating heart, and review the clinical experience in 234 ca ses of operation. Methods　A total of 234 patients of mitral val ve replacement in beating heart with mild hypothermic extracorporeal circulation (30～32 ℃) were reviewed. Results　 The procedures underwe nt fluently and only 2(0.85%) died early postoperatively. No low cardiac output , arrhythmia and cer ebral embolism complications was found. Conclusion　Results sugg ested that mitral valve replacement in beating heart is a safe and available method and is good in extenuating myocardial and pulmonary i njury from ischemia-reperfusion and deep hypothermia.

On-pump, beating-heart intracardiac procedures for congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To compare the clinical efficiency of intracardiac procedures on traditional cardioplegic arrested-heart and on-pu mp beating-heart for congenital heart disease (CHD) with severe pulmonary hyper tension. Methods　Among all 153 cases, 95 cases underwent operat ions on cardioplegic arrested-heart, while 58 on-pump beating-heart. In arres ted-heart group, 79 cases with ventricular septal defect (VSD), 13 with atria l septal defect (ASD) and 3 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were examined whi le in beating-heart group, 43 cases with VSD, 10 with ASD, and 5 with PDA were examined. Results　There were 12 cases of operative death (12.6%) and 8 of tracheotomy (8.4%) in heart arrested group. No operative death and tracheotomy in beating-heart group. 141 patients were followed up for 3 months to 10 year s with good recovery. There were 2 cases of right heart function failure six yea rs later in arrested-heart group. Conclusion　Results sugges t that on-pump beating-heart technique is superior to traditional cardiopl egic arrested-heart for CHD with severe pulmonary hypertesion. The cause might be t hat on-pump beating-heart intracardiac operation is more effective in cardio pulmon ary protection.

Clinical analysis of on-pump, beating-heart intracardiac proc edures in 1 032 cases / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To improve intracardiac operation skil ls on bea-ting-heart with mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (On pump beating-heart technique), and to review the clinical experience in 1 032 c ases. Methods　A total of 1 032 cases of intracardiac operatio ns on pump beating-heart from November 1997 to September 2000 were reviewed. Of them, 714 cases were congenital heart diseases (CHD), and 318 cases were valvul ar heart diseases (VHD). The technique was improved by establishing simultaneous left atrium and ventricle suction and integrating sequential de-airing procedu re. Results　The operative mortality was 2.33% (24/1 032), the m ortality was 2.7% (19/714) in cases with CHD, and 1.6% (5/318) in those with VHD. There was no pati ent complicated with systemic air embolism or permanent atrioventricular conduct ion block. Conclusion　Results suggested that intracardiac procedures on pump beating-heart with mild hypothermic cardiopnlmonary bypass is safe and available in patients with CHD or VHD. It might extenuate the heart and lung injury by hypothermia and ischemia-reperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac conducting block might be prevented during operation.